With the increasing share of renewables, their sporadic nature will become more significant. Voltage fluctuations can be caused by cloud cover, shading effects on PV solar energy systems or low wind speeds on wind farms. Voltage and frequency fluctuations will become more common, threatening electricity supply.
To prevent instability in the grid, smart grid technologies are required. Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) can provide quick active and reactive power compensation. Dynamic Volt-Amp Reactive (D-VAR) systems are used at the grid interconnection points of wind farms to detect voltage disturbances and provide reactive power on a real-time basis.
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