Who, what, for how much, when? Four questions you must know the answer to before you can give the prospect an offer they can't refuse

Before any offer is made by a salesperson, they have to do an analysis of the the prospect's needs. Needs analysis is learning about what the client needs and what their options, priorities and expectations are. Based on these findings, the salesperson must then adjust their proposal to each prospect. What are the basic four questions a needs analysis should revolve around?